The .223 Remington/5.56 NATO, 7.62 WP, .30-06 Springfield and .308 Winchester/7.62 NATO are all rifle rounds. However, all of them have been fired out of 'pistol' conversions,
Most famously, 5.56 NATO out of AR-15 style pistols, 7.62 WP out of AK-Pistols, 7.62 NATO out of R700 pistol conversions (they exists... my eyes...) and last but not least, the .30-06 Springfield from a Thompson Contender by Emiya Kiritsugu.
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Someone on TheHighRoad from Switzerland owned a bunch of REAL assault rifles, and even a flamethrower.
He told us some people in Switzerland even owned private Tank Destroyers! Of course, I doubt they go practice shooting at live tanks, mind you...